laws of reflection
The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. i = r
The incident ray, the normal at the point of incidence and the reflected ray all lie in the same plane.
The incident ray, the normal at the point of incidence and the reflected ray all lie in the same plane.
laws of refraction
The incident ray, the normal at the point of incidence and the refracted ray all lie in the same plane.
For any pair of media, the sin of i, the angle of incidence, is proportional to the sin of r, the angle of refraction, i.e.
n = sin i / sin r (Snell's Law).
For any pair of media, the sin of i, the angle of incidence, is proportional to the sin of r, the angle of refraction, i.e.
n = sin i / sin r (Snell's Law).
· A real image is formed by the apparent intersection of light rays. It can be formed on a screen.
· A virtual image is formed by the apparent intersection of light rays. It cannot be located on a screen.
· The refractive index of a medium is the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction when light travels from a vacuum into that medium.
· The critical angle is the angle of incidence for which the corresponding angle of refraction is 90°.
· Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence in a dense material is greater than the critical angle. Light is reflected at the meeting of the two materials.
· A wave is a means of transferring energy through a medium, without any net movement of that medium.
· In a transverse wave, the movement of the particles is perpendicular to the movement of the wave.
· In a longitudinal wave, the movement of the particles is parallel to the movement of the wave.
· Diffraction is the ability of a wave to recover after meeting an obstacle.
· Interference occurs when two waves meet. When this happens, the total displacement will be equal to the algebraic sum of the individual displacements.
· A standing wave is produced when two waves of the same frequency and amplitude meet, moving in opposite directions.
· Doppler effect: The apparent change in the frequency of a wave due to the relative motion of the source of the wave or an observer.
· A virtual image is formed by the apparent intersection of light rays. It cannot be located on a screen.
· The refractive index of a medium is the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction when light travels from a vacuum into that medium.
· The critical angle is the angle of incidence for which the corresponding angle of refraction is 90°.
· Total internal reflection occurs when the angle of incidence in a dense material is greater than the critical angle. Light is reflected at the meeting of the two materials.
· A wave is a means of transferring energy through a medium, without any net movement of that medium.
· In a transverse wave, the movement of the particles is perpendicular to the movement of the wave.
· In a longitudinal wave, the movement of the particles is parallel to the movement of the wave.
· Diffraction is the ability of a wave to recover after meeting an obstacle.
· Interference occurs when two waves meet. When this happens, the total displacement will be equal to the algebraic sum of the individual displacements.
· A standing wave is produced when two waves of the same frequency and amplitude meet, moving in opposite directions.
· Doppler effect: The apparent change in the frequency of a wave due to the relative motion of the source of the wave or an observer.